As we become more active, we often push/strain our tendons, joints, and ligaments beyond what they can handle. Stress injuries such as tendonitis and osteoarthritis can be the result. By now, many of you have heard of PRP or Platelet Rich Plasma. While PRP is not a magical cure, it does seem to be effective at minimizing pain from many conditions. As with other procedures, many of you wonder what the recovery time frame is after a PRP injection.
PRP – Platelet Rich Plasma
PRP injections are used to try and treat many different orthopedic injuries and degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis arthritis. Many people believe that PRP might cure them of osteoarthritis. There are many other misconceptions about what PRP is and what it can do. Once you choose to proceed with a PRP injection, there will be many questions about how fast the recovery is following a PRP or platelet-rich plasma injection.
PRP Most Commonly Asked Questions:
- Will PRP help my condition?
- How is the PRP procedure performed?
- How long is recovery from a PRP injection?
What is a PRP injection and how is it performed?
PRP injection (Platelet-Rich Plasma) is an increasingly common treatment option being offered to patients for many orthopedic injuries and conditions. PRP is not a magical cure, but it does have a role in minimizing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving function. We will discuss the potential uses below.
The PRP Procedure:
These PRP injections are an in-office procedure. The entire PRP procedure from start to finish takes 30 minutes or so. During a PRP injection, we take a sample of blood from your arm. That blood is placed into a unique canister, and then it is placed into a centrifuge. The centrifuge will separate blood into various components.
There is a layer that forms when the tube is spun in the centrifuge. That layer has the platelets in it. We are then able to remove the layer that has the platelets and other larger cells (stem cells) in it. That layer containing the platelets will then be injected into the joint, tendon, or ligament that is injured or painful. Depending on the area being injected, an ultrasound machine might guide the needle to its proper position.
The risks of PRP injections are very low because you are receiving your own blood. We do not typically add any medications to the PRP injection, so you are only injected with a portion of your blood. Most people experience soreness after the procedure. A few will describe it as pain. The pain after a PRP injection will vary significantly.
Knee, shoulder, or elbow joint PRP injections typically produce mild swelling and discomfort. Injections of PRP into muscles or tendons usually cause much more pain than a joint injection. That discomfort or pain can last 2-3 days or longer.
How do I prepare for a PRP injection?
During the PRP injection procedure, we will collect your platelets and inject them into the damaged or injured area. Platelet function is affected by certain medications. You may need to consult your cardiologist or primary care doctor if you take aspirin for your heart health.
Aspirin, Motrin, Advil, Alleve, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Celebrex, Mobic, and Diclofenac will all interfere with platelet function and would be expected to lessen the response to a PRP injection. We ask people to be off of aspirin or other anti-inflammatories for one week before the injection and two weeks after the injection. Tylenol will not affect platelet function and may be taken during the treatment period.
Will PRP work for my injury?
PRP therapy is used to treat the pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis of the knee, elbow, shoulder, and hip. PRP might also be useful for many overuse sports injuries including:
Meniscus tears
PRP when used alone will not heal a meniscus tear. However, when we repair the meniscus using sutures at the time of surgery, we will often inject the PRP around the repair site. The current thinking is that PRP might improve the chance that the repaired meniscus will heal after suturing.
Rotator cuff injuries:
Many people with bursitis or inflammation of their rotator cuff might respond to a PRP injection. PRP can reliably decrease inflammation. That is the primary goal of PRP. These injections will not reliably heal a rotator cuff tear. Like a meniscus tear, we might inject PRP in the area after repairing the rotator cuff. Again, the thought is that this might improve the chance that the rotator cuff tear will heal. In cases of bursitis without a tear, the PRP is often effective at alleviating the pain due to inflammation of the bursa. More about shoulder issues and bursitis can be found here.
Knee Osteoarthritis:
One of the most common uses for PRP is to treat the pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. PRP will not reverse or cure osteoarthritis, but PRP can diminish the pain due to the osteoarthritis. This post goes into more detail about PRP injections for knee arthritis.
The main goal of the PRP is to decrease the inflammation within the joint. We have used this successfully in combination with other procedures such as an embolization for people looking to delay a knee replacement.
Knee ligament injuries
PRP seems to be useful for injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL). Most MCL injuries heal on their own within 2-3 months. Some MCL injuries become chronic. That means that they hurt longer than we anticipate. PRP injections might help an MCL tear heal faster and minimize the pain of a chronically painful tear.
The word chronic implies that the inflammation and swelling last well beyond the average expected recovery time. PRP injections in this setting have been demonstrated to improve the healing and minimizing chronic inflammation. These happen to be pretty painful injections. Many of you will feel worse and stiffer for a few weeks after the injection.
Other possible uses for PRP injection include the following:
- tennis elbow,
- elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries (to avoid Tommy John Surgery)
- ankle sprains, tendonitis, and ligament sprains.
With PRP therapy, a patient’s blood is drawn, separated, and re-injected into injured joints and muscles to ease the pain. After the injection, your platelets release specific growth factors that often lead to tissue healing and repair. This is why it can take a while to see results after an injection. The platelets that we are injecting do not heal the tissue directly. Platelets release many chemicals that summon or call other reparative cells to the area of injury. When the platelets release their chemicals, it causes an inflammatory response. This inflammation is also why PRP injections into the tendons, muscles, and ligaments will hurt.
PRP will initially cause acute inflammation to heal the problem. That acute inflammation could hurt for a few days. It takes time for the recruited repair cells to come to the injured area and start the repair process. For many tendon injuries, the recovery can be 6-8 weeks or more after the injection.
What PRP will not help:
PRP is not a panacea. It does not cure osteoarthritis. It doesn’t heal meniscus or rotator cuff tears.
In a few studies, PRP is not helpful in the Achilles tendon.
PRP may or may not be helpful for patella tendonitis. Some research papers show that PRP is ineffective in managing the pain due to patella tendonitis or a jumper’s knee. A few surgeons report success with PRP and patella tendonitis— therefore, we do not have the final answer yet.
PRP recovery time: What can I expect after an injection?
Patients may experience approximately two to three days of being sore after joint injections. People receiving PRP for soft tissue (tendon or ligament) injuries can expect pain for a few days. They may also experience stiffness. Tylenol is often effective at managing pain.
Do you have questions regarding an Orthopedic injury or longevity?
Do you want to talk to an expert who can listen to you for 45-60 minutes and explain the options in detail?
Dr. Howard Luks offers remote guidance sessions to review your X-ray or MRI images and explain your options.
Dr. Luks has also received hundreds of requests for educational sessions on the topics discussed in his book, Longevity Simplified.
Prescription pain medication is rarely needed. Patients often rest for a few days after the treatment but this is not absolutely necessary. Pain relief typically starts to occur within three to four weeks after the PRP injection. Your symptoms continue to improve over a period of three to six months following a PRP injection. The recovery time frame varies a lot depending on what we are treating.
The pain or discomfort of osteoarthritis usually responds faster than tendon-related pain such as tennis elbow, golfers elbow, or patella tendonitis. PRP has NOT been beneficial for Achilles tendon issues. Sometimes arthritic joints respond much faster to these injections than a patient being treated for tendonitis.
Why PRP and not Cortisone?
If successful, PRP generally results in long-lasting relief
because the degenerative soft tissue (tendon, ligament) has potentially started to regenerate or regrow itself. The bioactive proteins may stimulate healing and repair. New research shows PRP to be more effective than cortisone injections –which mask the inflammation and have no healing capabilities.
Cortisone has no healing properties, does not work long term, and can lead to more tissue damage on occasion. More recently (2019), cortisone injections are now thought to potentially lead to cartilage damage as well, thus potentially worsening osteoarthritis.
Recommended Reading:
Tennis Elbow: What is it? Is PRP an option?
PRP and Elbow Ligament Injuries
Shana
Dr. Luks, I just got a PRP injection to my elbow three days ago. The only instructions from my doctor were to see him in a month. I read that physical therapy is an important part of recovery. I have searched the web looking for videos of what these exercises look like but unfortunately there are none. Can you please point me in the right direction? Thank you so much for your time, Shana
Hi Shana… there is no standard protocol. I personally encourage my patients to obtain a Flex Bar from Theraband… but you should check with your doctor to see if it is ok.
Good Luck
Howard Luks
Becca
I have had proximal hamstring tendonosis for 2.5 years. I”m just wondering if PRP would be effective after such a long length of time. The MRI showed that the tendonisis was “mild” which amazed me considering how painful it is and how it never goes away. However, if I do nothing, will that eventually become a tear? the MRI also showed a partial gluteus maximum tear and I’m afraid the hamstring weakness caused that. Could they be related?
Hi Becca… Perhaps your pain is not due to the hamstring, but instead due to the gluteus ??? idk since I have not examined you. PRP is fairly effective in treating many forms of tendinosis. There is no science or data specifically addressing tendinosis of the hamstrings.
Millie Edmonds
I had a PRP in my right knee 5 days ago. Am I supposed to keep icing it?
It doesn’t feel any better yet. I am scheduled for 2 more, a month apart.
Thank you
Hi Millie…
Sometimes it can take a few weeks for the PRP to “kick-in”. But then again, sometimes the PRP simply doesn’t work :-(.
Howard Luks
dean
I’ve just had a PRP injection to help my adductor tendonitis caused by Osteitis Pubis. My doctor had said I should try another injection into the symphisis. I haven’t been able to find any info about whether it can help. Have you had any experience is treating OP with PRP?
To my knowledge there is no science or literature on the treatment of osteitis pubis with PRP. Since the OP process involves edema, or fluid in the bone, as well as the joint destruction, I imagine the success or failure of using PRP in this scenario will depend on what stage you are in ??? Since the injection will be placed in the “joint” it may or may not work based upon your stage,and where the pain is coming from.
Good Luck…
Howard Luks
Matthew
Thank you for taking the time to respond Dr Luks. Typically how long do you follow up with a patient to determine if a second shot is necessary? I am just trying to determine of the shots actually made my knee worse or if has just not recovered enough yet after 3 weeks to assess. Because as of right now, it is substantially worse then before the shots.
Most patients injected for arthritis or inflammation of the knee feel better within a few weeks. Tendon related problems can take upwards of 4-6 weeks to start to feel better.
Matthew
I have had 3 PRP treatments in 3 week intervals in my left knee to treat tendonitis and degenerative arthritis. I have experienced a decrease in pain free movements and athletic capability after each set of shots. Is this frequency of injections normal given the standard recovery time? And do I just need more time after the shots to see if the PRP was effective? Thank you for your time.
Matthew… there is a lot of research going on in this area right now. We do not know what frequency is appropriate, nor which PRP system works best. Right now, I personally perform one injection, and only use subsequent injections if necessary.
Howard Luks
Louise
I had a PRP injection in my elbow for tennis elbow 5 days ago. I am still experiencing a great deal of localised pain and struggling to move my fingers without pain. There is little to no strength with certain movements particularly grasping. all in all it feels worse now than before the injection. They also discovered a grade 3 tear in the tendon. I have been icing and resting since injection but am concerned about my recovery. Any advice please
Hi Louise… 5 days is a very short time. I usually tell my patients that it may take 4-6 weeks for a PRP injection into the elbow to start to improve your symptoms.
Good Luck
Howard Luks
Barbaros Yurttagul
I have shoulder pain more than 1.5 years. I felt the pain while I was serving in tennis. There is no pain when I stand still, but it hurts when rotating inside or back or holding mouse using the computer. So many MRI, finally doctors couldn’t find any tears in tendons. I’ve tried all conservative treatments such as PT for 30 days, dry needling, kinesiotape, ice packs, rest, pills, cortisone shot. Finally, my physioterapist made me PRP injection yesterday. After injection I feel no pain as they said and I don’t know it works.
Happy to hear that the PRP injection helped you!
LuAnn Robertson
I just had PRP injection into shoulder. Hx of rotator cuff surgery, laurel repair and bicep tenodesis 11 months ago. Developed sever scar tissue and surascapular nerve entrapment. And had a second surgery 5 months ago. ROM still very limited and pain w movement.
What do you recommend for rehab after PRP. I am an avid long distance runner, gym enthusiast and have been in PT for 11 months. Just started lifting light weights w cables. How long should this joint be rested? Also does movement of shoulder joint with running or exercise impede the healing of the PRP and would it decrease chances of a favorable outcome?
LuAnn Robertson
I apologize labrum repair not laurel
LuAnn… PRP unfortunately will not help you to gain back your motion. PRP injections can be useful in very limited applications around the shoulder. Your motion and activities generally aren’t limited after the injection… but you should check with your surgeon and follow their protocol.
good Luck
Howard Luks
Zainab
May i ask if a shoulder labral tear can be treated with PRP?
There is no science to support it.. but many are trying it. Anecdotally some may say it worked… but until the research catches up we will not know if it is the PRP which is healing the labrum or not.